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- Page 1Acetaminophen and glutathione: why overdose can injure the liverthrough Beta-alanine in food: dietary sources are not supplement-trial equivalents
- Page 2Beta-alanine in older adults: a laboratory fatigue thresholdthrough Collagen for plantar fasciitis: supportive tissue is not proof of treatment
- Page 3Foods and drinks for collagen powder: follow the product’s preparation limitsthrough Creatine for depression: a small trial tested an antidepressant add-on
- Page 4Creatine and type 2 diabetes: a small trial included exercise in both groupsthrough Does creatine boost metabolism? Muscle energy support is not a fat-burning promise
- Page 5Micronized creatine: one formulation trial does not establish class-wide superioritythrough Creatine during weight loss: distinguish training support from fat loss
- Page 6What should you avoid taking with creatine? Review caffeine, alcohol and medicines separatelythrough Supplements for getting lean, building muscle and losing fat
- Page 7GHOST BURN thermo: supplement facts, uses and risksthrough Lowering homocysteine: treat the cause, not just the number
- Page 8Homocysteine testing: what the blood result can and cannot showthrough NAC and glutathione: a precursor is not the finished molecule
- Page 9Noncanonical amino acids expand the chemistry available to engineered proteinsthrough Making protein powder less chalky: change the mixture gradually
- Page 10Protein powder with chronic kidney disease: no universal safe brandthrough Protein powder for teen athletes: identify a dietary gap first
- Page 11Protein timing: the recovery window is not a stopwatchthrough Taurine and a three-kilometre run: a small acute pilot
- Page 12Taurine in Red Bull: the manufacturer describes a synthetic sourcethrough What is in ZMA? Zinc, magnesium and vitamin B6
Protein timing: the recovery window is not a stopwatch
Protein supports recovery, but missing an immediate post-workout shake does not mean the session was wasted. Timing must be interpreted alongside total intake.
Protein powder and weight gain: calories are not the same as muscle
Protein powder can add energy and protein to the diet. Weight gain depends on the overall intake pattern, and a scale change does not establish that the gain is muscle.
Protein powder without workouts: nutrition, not an automatic muscle effect
Protein is needed even without gym training. A shake contributes protein and energy, but it does not reproduce the effects of resistance exercise.
Taurine in Red Bull: its role differs from caffeine
Taurine is one ingredient in Red Bull, while caffeine is its well-recognized stimulant. The effects of the full drink cannot be assigned to taurine alone.
Oral rehydration and cramps: an electrical-threshold experiment
A crossover study changed susceptibility to electrically induced cramps. It did not count spontaneous race cramps.
D-ribose: an energy-pathway ingredient is not proven extra energy
How to evaluate ATP claims against the limited evidence for sports supplements.
Rice versus whey during training: a small high-dose comparison
Both groups improved during resistance training. The study did not establish that all rice and whey products are equivalent.
What is S7? Ingredients, dose claims and evidence
S7 is a branded blend of seven plant ingredients marketed for nitric-oxide support. The supplier’s biomarker claims do not by themselves establish better athletic performance, erectile-function treatment or long-term cardiovascular benefit. A finished pre-workout may also contain other active ingredients.
Sodium bicarbonate: a sports buffer with real practical limits
Why possible benefits in intense exercise do not make baking soda a casual pre-workout ingredient.
Soy, whey and training over nine months: one direct comparison
A longer resistance-training study reported greater lean-mass gain with whey than soy. It does not rank every plant protein.
Checking supplement certification: match the exact product and program
Start with the named certifier’s own directory, then match the product and certification scope. A logo, a brand-wide statement or an ingredient supplier’s listing is not enough to verify a different finished product.
Disposing of unwanted supplements: keep them out of drains and out of reach
EPA provides supplement-specific disposal guidance that avoids flushing and contains discarded material. Check local collection options and product instructions, because a program accepting medicines may have its own rules for supplements.
Supplement expiration dates: no universal grace period follows the label
FDA’s supplement labeling guide does not require expiration dating, but says a date used by a firm should have valid supporting data. That does not establish how long an opened or expired product remains suitable.
Dietary supplements and FDA: regulated does not mean preapproved
In the United States, FDA regulates dietary supplements under a framework different from drug approval. Manufacturers have responsibilities before sale, and FDA can take action against unlawful products.
GMP claims on supplements: manufacturing quality has a defined scope
Good Manufacturing Practices address how supplements are made and controlled. A GMP statement does not establish that the finished product treats a condition or is suitable for every user.
Supplements before surgery: get a product-specific plan early
Some supplements can affect bleeding, anesthesia or medicines used around surgery. Give the surgical team a complete list well in advance and obtain clear instructions for stopping and restarting each relevant product.
What supplements open up blood vessels?
Some supplements are marketed to support nitric oxide or vasodilation, including arginine and citrulline products. Relaxing a vessel is different from removing plaque or treating an obstruction. Evidence for a mechanism does not establish that a supplement improves every circulation problem or is safe with vascular medicines.
Tart cherry juice and insomnia: an eight-completer pilot
A small crossover study found longer measured sleep. It did not isolate melatonin or establish a supplement-equivalent dose.
Tart cherry after a marathon: strength recovery was not every damage marker
A small study found faster strength recovery and selected inflammatory changes, while other damage indices did not differ.
Taurine: energy-drink familiarity is different from isolated-ingredient evidence
Keep performance, metabolic and safety findings attached to the actual preparation.
Taurine plus caffeine in heat: the combination was not better
A small cycling study found longer time to exhaustion with active supplements, but combining them did not add a performance advantage.
Taurine for liver-disease cramps: symptom relief is not liver repair
A crossover trial found fewer and less severe cramps among participants who completed treatment. The substantial loss to follow-up matters.
Taurine in prehypertension: a 12-week blood-pressure trial
A placebo-controlled trial reported lower clinic and ambulatory blood pressure with taurine. It did not measure prevention of heart attacks or strokes.
Taurine and a three-kilometre run: a small acute pilot
Eight trained runners completed a simulated time trial faster after taurine than placebo. Several physiological measures did not change.